What does R18 mean?
The R18 category is a special and
legally-restricted classification primarily for explicit works of
consenting sex or strong fetish material involving adults. Films may
only be shown to adults in specially licensed cinemas, and video works
may be supplied to adults only in licensed sex shops. R18 videos may not
be supplied by mail order.
The following information on film ratings was obtained from the BBFC website.
What does the 18 symbol mean?
Films rated 18 are for adults.
No-one under 18 is allowed to see an 18 film at the cinema or buy / rent
an 18 rated video. No 18 rated works are suitable for children.
Are there any limits on what sort of theme a work can have at 18?
No
theme is prohibited at 18. Adults are free to choose their own
entertainment provided the material is not illegal or potentially
harmful, so it is possible some themes tackled at 18 may be offensive
even to some adult viewers.
What sort of issues might I find in an 18 film or video?
18 works are for adults and can contain strong issues such as:
- Very strong violence.
- Frequent strong language (e.g. 'f***') and / or very strong language (e.g. ‘c***’).
- Strong portrayals of sexual activity.
- Scenes of sexual violence.
- Strong horror.
- Strong blood and gore.
- Real sex (in some circumstances).
- Discriminatory language and behaviour.
How much strong language can there be in an 18?
There
is no limit on the number of uses of strong (e.g. 'f***') or even very
strong language (e.g. ‘c***’) which can be passed at 18. Uses could be
aggressive, directed, frequent or accompanied by strong violence.
What about discriminatory terms?
There may be racist,
homophobic or other discriminatory language at 18, and the work could
explore themes relating to discrimination.
Though a work as a
whole must not be in breach of any relevant legislation, it is possible
for discriminatory language or themes to be the main focus of the work,
and for main characters to engage in discriminatory behaviour.
How much sex and nudity is allowed at 18?
There
can be strong and detailed portrayals of sex at 18, including full
nudity. There are no constraints on nudity in a non-sexual or
educational context.
Very strong, crude and explicit sex references are permitted at 18.
An 18 film or video might also contain depictions of real sex, as long as the film or video is not a sex work.
What are sex works?
Sex
works are works whose primary purpose is sexual arousal or stimulation.
Sex works containing only material which may be simulated are generally
passed 18. Those containing clear images of real sex, strong fetish
material, sexually explicit animated images, or other very strong sexual
images will be confined to the R18 category. Material which is
unacceptable in a sex work at R18 is also unacceptable in a sex work at
18.
What about sex education films?
Where sex material
genuinely seeks to inform and educate in matters such as human sexuality
or safer sex and health, explicit images of sexual activity may be
permitted.
Can there be strong violence?
Yes, at 18
violence can be strong and be portrayed with strong detail. There may
even be dwelling on the infliction of pain or injury, or scenes of
strong sadistic or sexual violence.
The strongest gory images are permitted at this category.
What about horror films?
At 18, horror films may contain very strong horror, gore or sustained threat.
Can you see drugs in an 18?
Yes. At 18 drug taking may be shown but the work as a whole must not promote or encourage drug misuse.
What about dangerous behaviour or things teens or other viewers might copy?
Though
18 films and videos may cover difficult and strong subjects and themes,
harm is still a consideration. Very dangerous or criminal behaviour
(for example, behaviour which if copied poses a credible harm risk) may
be cut.
If adults can watch what they want, what might be cut from an 18 work?
In
line with the consistent findings of the BBFC’s public consultations
and The Human Rights Act 1998, the BBFC will not normally override the
principle that adults should be free to choose their own entertainment.
However, cuts are occasionally made to 18 rated films and DVDs. Intervention is most likely in the following areas:
- Where the material is in breach of the criminal law, or has been created through the commission of a criminal offence.
- Where material or treatment appears to us to risks harm to individuals
or, through their behaviour, to society – for example, any detailed
portrayal of violent or dangerous acts, or of illegal drug use, which
may cause harm to public health or morals. This may include portrayals
of sexual violence which might, for example, make rape this violence
look appealing, reinforce the suggestion that victims enjoy sexual
violence or which invite viewer complicity in sexual violence.
- Where there are more explicit images of sexual activity which cannot be
justified by context. Such images may be appropriate in R18 works and,
in ‘sex works’, would normally be confined to that category.
In
the case of video works, which may be more accessible to younger
viewers, intervention may be more frequent than for cinema films.
What does the 15 symbol mean?
No-one under 15 is allowed to
see a 15 film at the cinema or buy/rent a ‘15 rated video. 15 rated
works are not suitable for children under 15 years of age.
Are there any limits on what sort of theme a work can have at 15?
No theme is prohibited, provided the treatment is appropriate for 15 year olds.
What might I see in a 15 rated film or video?
Any of the following:
- Strong violence.
- Frequent strong language (e.g. 'f***').
- Portrayals of sexual activity.
- Strong verbal references to sex.
- Sexual nudity.
- Brief scenes of sexual violence or verbal references to sexual violence.
- Discriminatory language or behaviour.
- Drug taking.
How much strong language is allowed in a 15?
There could potentially be a great deal. At 15 there is no upper limit on the number of uses of strong language (e.g. ‘f***’).
Occasionally
there may be uses of the strongest terms (e.g. 'c***'), depending on
the manner in which they are used, who is using the language, its
frequency and any special contextual justification. However, continued
or aggressive use will not normally be passed 15.
What about discriminatory or offensive terms?
There may be racist, homophobic or other discriminatory language, and the work could explore themes relating to this.
However, at 15 the work as a whole must not endorse discriminatory language or behaviour.
How much sex and nudity is allowed at 15?
At 15 sexual activity can be portrayed, but usually without strong detail. Some sex scenes can be quite long at this category.
Though
nudity may be allowed in a sexual context there will usually be no
strong detail. There are no constraints on nudity in a non-sexual or
educational context.
There can be strong references to sex and
sexual behaviour, but especially strong or crude references are unlikely
to be acceptable unless justified by context.
Sex and sex references are treated the same irrespective of sexuality
Can there be strong violence?
Yes,
at 15 violence may be strong. It should not dwell on the infliction of
pain or injury, however, and the strongest gory images are unlikely to
be acceptable.
Strong sadistic violence is also unlikely to be acceptable.
What about sexual violence?
There
may be detailed verbal references to sexual violence (for example
descriptions of rape or sexual assault in a courtroom scene or in victim
testimony) but any portrayal depiction of sexual violence must be
discreet and justified by context.
What about horror works?
At 15 there can be strong threat and horror as long as there is no sustained focus on sadistic or sexualised threat.
Can you see drugs in a 15 rated film or video?
At 15 drug
taking may be shown but the work as a whole must not promote or
encourage drug misuse (for example, through instructional detail).
The misuse of easily accessible and highly dangerous substances like aerosols or solvents is unlikely to be acceptable at 15.
What about dangerous behaviour or things teens might copy?
We
consider the risk of potential harm to impressionable teenagers. For
example, dangerous behaviour such as hanging, suicide and self-harming
should not dwell on detail which could be copied.
Whether the depiction of easily accessible weapons is acceptable will depend on factors such as realism, context and setting.
What does the 12A symbol mean?
Films classified 12A and video
works classified 12 contain material that is not generally suitable for
children aged under 12. No one younger than 12 may see a 12A film in a
cinema unless accompanied by an adult. Adults planning to take a child
under 12 to view a 12A film should consider whether the film is suitable
for that child. To help them decide, we recommend that they check the
BBFCinsight for that film in advance.
What's the difference between 12A and 12?
The
12A requires an adult to accompany any child under 12 seeing a 12A film
at the cinema. This is enforced by cinema staff and a cinema may lose
its license if adult accompaniment is not enforced for children under 12
admitted to a 12A film. Accompanied viewing cannot be enforced in the
home, so the 12 certificate remains for DVD/Blu-ray, rather than the
12A. The 12 is also a simpler system for retailers. It means they cannot
sell or rent the item unless the customer is over the age of 12.
Is there a lower age limit for a 12A film?
No.
However, the BBFC considers the content of 12A rated films to be
suitable for children aged 12 and over, and we would not recommend
taking very young children to see them. Works classified at these
categories may upset children under 12 or contain material which many
parents will find unsuitable for them.
Adults planning to take a
child under 12 to view a 12A film should consider whether the film is
suitable for that child. To help adults make this decision, we provide
BBFCinsight for all films.
How important is the tone of a film at 12A or 12?
The
overall tone of a film or video, and the way it makes the audience feel
may affect the classification. For example, a work which has a very
dark or unsettling tone which could disturb the audience would be less
likely to be passed 12A even if the individual issues in the film were
considered acceptable under the BBFC Guidelines. Similarly, if a work is
particularly positive or reassuring this may stop it being pushed up a
category from 12A to 15.
Will there be uses of strong language in a 12A or 12 work?
The
BBFC's Guidelines state that strong language (e.g. 'f***') may be
passed at 12 or 12A, depending on the manner in which it is used, who is
using the language, its frequency and any special contextual
justification. Aggressive uses of strong language may result in a film
or DVD being placed at the 15 category. There is some allowance for puns
on strong language at this category.
There may be moderate language (e.g. uses of terms such as ‘bitch’ and ‘twat’ at 12 or 12A).
What about discrimination?
Any
discriminatory language or behaviour will not be endorsed by the work
as a whole. Aggressive discriminatory language (for example homophobic
or racist terms) is unlikely to be passed at 12A or 12 unless it is
clearly condemned.
Do 12A films contain sexual behaviour?
Sex
may be briefly and discreetly portrayed at 12A or 12. Verbal sex
references should not go beyond what is suitable for young teenagers.
Comedy may lessen the impact of some moderate sex references or innuendo
but frequent crude sex references are unlikely to be accepted at this
category. There may be nudity in 12A films but nudity in a sexual
context should only be brief and discreet.
Sex and sex references are treated the same irrespective of sexuality
What sort of violence can I expect in a 12A or 12?
At
12A, moderate violence is allowed but it should not dwell on detail.
There should be no emphasis on injuries or blood, but occasional gory
moments may be permitted if they can be justified by their context (for
example brief sight of bloody injury in a medical drama).
Action
sequences and weapons may be present at 12A or 12, and there may be long
fight scenes or similar. Weapons which might be easily accessible to 12
year olds (such as knives) should not be glamorised in 12A and 12
works.
Sexual violence, such as scenes of rape or assault, may
only be implied or briefly and discreetly indicated at 12A and 12. Such
scenes must also have a strong contextual justification.
Can horror films be passed 12 or 12A?
Yes,
some horror films are passed at this category. Moderate physical and
psychological threat is permitted at 12A or 12A as long as horror
sequences are not too frequent or sustained and the overall tone is not
disturbing.
What about other issues like imitable behaviour or drugs at 12A or 12?
Dangerous
behaviour (for example hanging and suicide) may be present in 12A or 12
works but will not dwell on detail which could be copied or present
those activities in a manner that children are likely to copy.
Anti-social behaviour should not be endorsed.
There
may be infrequent sight of drugs misuse in a 12A or a 12 but the
portrayal should not be glamorised or provide instructional detail.
What does PG mean?
PG stands for Parental Guidance. This
means a film is suitable for general viewing, but some scenes may be
unsuitable for young children. A PG film should not unsettle a child
aged around eight or older. Parents should consider whether the content
may upset younger, or more sensitive, children.
Are all PG films made for younger audiences?
No.
Some films are given a PG certificate but have not been made with a
young audience in mind. A recent example of a film mostly enjoyed by
grown ups but passed PG would be Saving Mr. Banks. However, the
certificate means that any issues in the work are appropriate for the
majority of this age group and nothing should upset a child of eight or
over.
What sort of themes are passed at PG?
A PG film will
not contain any theme which is inappropriate for a child. PG works can
explore challenging issues such as bullying, bereavement or racism.
Will there be bad language in a PG film?
There
may be mild bad language (such as ‘shit’ or ‘son of a bitch’) in a PG
film, but the context and delivery are always important. For example, if
the language is used aggressively or if there is a great deal of bad
language, a work may be passed at a higher category.
What about sex?
Sex
references are unlikely unless they are undetailed and infrequent. In
addition, if a child is unlikely to understand a reference, we may allow
it at PG. Comedy can also often lessen the impact of sex references and
innuendo.
Sex and sex references are treated the same irrespective of sexuality so there could be mild or undetailed references at PG.
What about violence or threat at PG?
Violence will usually be
mild. There should be no detail of violence in a PG work, so while
there might be some blood, we would not see how the injury was inflicted
in strong detail. Violence is generally more acceptable in a
historical, comedic or fantasy setting, because of the distancing that
this provides. It isn’t uncommon for PG films to feature
‘roller-coaster’ action or set pieces, where the emphasis is clearly on
the adventure or journey of the main characters rather than the detail
of violence or fighting.
As far as threat and horror goes go, we
allow some 'jump' moments and frightening sequences as long as they are
not prolonged or intense.. Fantasy settings may again be a factor in the
treatment of such content.
What about behaviour children might copy?
In
a PG work, potentially dangerous or antisocial behaviour which young
children are likely to copy, such as bullying, or playing with
electricity, will not be condoned or seen to go unchallenged, especially
if it comes across as safe or fun. Realistic or easily accessible
weapons, such as knives, will not be glamorised or focused upon in a PG
work. Smoking and drinking will not be promoted or glamorised and if
child characters are seen smoking or drinking, there should be a clear
message that this is bad. If drugs are mentioned or seen, a PG work
should either represent them in an innocuous manner or emphasise that
they are harmful.
Will there be any drugs in a PG?
There
might be innocuous or passing references to illegal drugs or drugs
misuse in a PG work, although there should be no strong focus on this.
In addition drug references may be permissible if there is a clear
anti-drugs or educational message likely to be understood by children
eight or over.
What is a U rated film?
The U symbol stands for Universal. A U film should be suitable for audiences
aged four years and over. However, it is impossible to predict what might upset
a particular child, especially at this lower end of the category range.
What about works for children younger than four?
We rate films and videos aimed at very young viewers, such as Chuggington or
Tinga Tinga Tales, U. However, we give them special BBFCinsight stating they are
‘particularly suitable for pre-school children’. Films or videos with this
BBFCinsight should raise no significant issues in terms of discrimination,
drugs,, imitable behaviour, language, nudity, sex, threat or violence.
Will there be any bad language in a U film?
At U we only allow infrequent use of very mild bad language (e.g. ‘damn’ and
‘hell’).
Might U works contain any sexual behaviour?
Characters may be seen kissing or cuddling and there may be references to
sexual behaviour. However, there will be no overt focus on sexual behaviour,
language or innuendo.
Sex and sex references are treated the same irrespective of sexuality so
there could be mild or undetailed references at U.
Is violence or threat permitted in a U film?
Violence will generally be very mild. A U film may include brief fight scenes
or moments where characters are placed in danger. However, moments of emotional
stress or threat will be quickly resolved and the outcome will be
reassuring.
There may be brief scary scenes and moments where the characters are placed
in danger. As with violence, however, these scenes will be balanced by
reassuring elements, such as comic interludes or music.
‘Baddie’ characters may carry or use weapons, but there will be no emphasis
on these. Child or ‘hero’ characters are unlikely to use any kind of weapon
outside, for example, historical settings.
What about behaviour which children might copy?
Potentially dangerous or anti-social behaviour which young children may copy,
must be clearly disapproved of.
What sorts of films are usually passed at U?
A U film can explore a wide rang of themes, as long as the treatment is
appropriate for a young audience. This doesn’t mean that all films rated U are
children’s films.
A children’s work at U will generally contain positive messages about
loyalty, honesty and friendship, particularly amongst children. The film or
video may well have a happy ending for the child and the overall tone should be
one of reassurance.
U films are unlikely to contain discriminatory language or behaviour unless
it is clearly disapproved of.
Will there be references to drugs?
At U there will not normally be references to illegal drugs or drugs misuse
unless there is a very clear anti-drugs or educational message which will be
understood by a younger audience.
Drugs references which are unlikely to register with young children and are
brief or passing may occasionally be passed at U – for example a verbal
reference to ‘the Opium wars’ in an historical documentary.